The Great Baekje World Festival dates back to 1955 when Buyeo area community leaders offered a ritual service to the top three loyal subjects -- Sung Chung, Heung Soo and Gyaebek -- as well as a ritual to comfort the souls of Baekje women who threw themselves to their deaths off the Nakwha Rock into the Baekma River in the presence of invading enemies during the late period of the Baekje Kingdom.

The Samchungsa, an altar for offering a ritual service for the three loyal subjects, was built in 1957. The right to host the festival was handed over to the Chungcheongnam-do provincial government in 1965, and the 12th festival began to take place simultaneously in Gongju and Buyeo in 1975.